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Все про опции на автостеклах (на английском языке)

Все про опции на автостеклах (на английском языке).

1-What is frit?

Frit is an industry term for the paint that is applied around the perimeter of the automotive glass parts. One of the key ingredients in frit is a glass ceramic particle that fuses to the glass surface making it a very durable and scratch resistant surface.


2-Why is frit (paint) on the glass?

Frit serves two roles on the glass. First, it is a cosmetic feature that is used to hide interior trim and pinchweld details. Early model vehicles used wide moldings to obscure what would otherwise be exposed areas. As moldings became smaller to the point of nonexistence on several current models, the frit had a greater role in covering unfinished areas of the vehicle. Secondly, the frit inhibits UV degradation of urethane adhesives. While the frit will not completely block the UV rays from passing through the glass, it does significantly reduce UV light transmission. Most urethanes are not UV stable. If urethane is left exposed to sunlight for prolonged periods of time, it will yellow and turn chalky. Presence of the frit will extend the lifetime of the urethane adhesive system.


3-How many types of frit are there?

There are hundreds of types of frits developed for automotive glass applications. The most common automotive glass frits we use are black, gray and white although other colors are available. Frit pastes are developed to work in combination with the processing requirements needed for a specific part. Each paste is developed for the specific furnace time and temperature parameters used to fabricate parts at a manufacturing location. It is not uncommon for a glass manufacturing facility to work with a dozen different frit pastes.


4-Why do some windshields have the paint sandwiched between the glass plies and others have the paint on the outside surface?

The location of the frit on the windshield is usually specified by the customer. However, it can also be influenced by the manufacturing facility and the fabrication techniques used to make the windshield. The location of the frit can often improve the windshield processing yields. Certain parts will process more efficiently if the paint is applied to both the interior #2 and the exterior #4 glass surfaces. Other parts will have processing parameters that are best with only one surface painted, either the #2 or the #4 surface.


5-How is frit applied to the glass?

Frit is applied to the glass utilizing a silk screen method. It is very similar to the method used to silk screen T-shirts. An image of the frit design is developed for the glass in the bent or curved shape. Then the image is unwrapped and flattened. A silk screen is made to allow the frit to pass through openings in the screen. The openings correspond to the final design image. The frit is a thick paste that is put onto the screen. Squeegees are used to push the frit paste through the screen openings and onto the glass. Frit is applied to the glass while it is in the flat position before it is processed through the furnace. The furnace helps to cure the frit and to fuse it to the glass surface. Every part with each different design has a unique silk screen. Silk screens are constantly being maintained throughout the life of a part. Because of the fragile nature of the screens, they will wear out and commonly need to be remade throughout the lifetime of a part in production


6-Is glass considered a liquid or a solid?

Believe it or not, glass is amorphous (non-crystalline) and is considered a liquid. When glass is in its "hardened" phase, it has a VERY slow moving flow. You may see an example of this in very old houses with original plate glass. Old houses have windowpanes that measure thicker at the bottom than at the top. Glass as we know and work with it is actually in its super cooled liquid phase.


7-Does glass ever become a solid?

Yes, glass can crystallize and become solid. For solidification of glass to occur naturally, it takes 70 million years for this to happen. Solidification can be accelerated by other means such as how the glass melt is cooled or if its chemical state is altered slightly enough to change the phase of the melt. An example of crystalline glass can be found on the inside surface of an insulated glass (IG) unit that appears to be stained. The crystalline glass has an opaque milky white or "frosted" appearance. It forms in the presence of moisture that gets trapped in the IG unit. The moisture reacts with the inside surface of glass causing the sodium to leach out of the glass. The absence of sodium changes the melt enough to promote crystallization of the glass. What appears to be stained glass, is actually glass in the solid state!


8-I have a windshield that has streaks on it with prism like colors. Coul

this be a damaged coating on the windshield?

Glass coatings can take on unusual appearances if the coating is damaged. Spots of discoloration may become visible. The discolored areas are usually most noticeable in natural lighting conditions when viewed from outside the vehicle. Coatings are reflective, so a damaged coating would not reflect a constant uniform color - much like an old mirror that starts to show signs of gray areas around the edges. However, a uniform appearance of prism like colors may be a natural condition for the type of coating that was applied to the glass and should not be considered a defect. Some aftermarket rain slick type products that can be applied to glass or a film build of dirt and debris on the inside surface of a windshield could give a prism like appearance. To eliminate these conditions, use a good glass polishing / cleaning material such as Bon-Ami or wash with a vinegar water solution.


9-What is Batch glass?

Batch is a glass reference term that identifies a part of the manufacturing process. The raw components of glass are properly proportioned and mixed in batches for delivery to the furnace. Even though glass is made in a continual process that runs 24 hours a day, every day of the year, the raw materials are added as needed in batches. To state that a glass is batch glass, it implies that there is not any post manufacturing materials, i.e. a film or coating, applied to the glass. Batch glass gets all its characteristics from the raw materials that are used to make the glass. In the case of privacy or solar batch glass, the dark colorants and UV inhibitors are mixed in with the original ingredients in the batch to make the glass.


10-What is Float glass?

Float glass refers to the glass manufacturing process. The raw components of glass are melted in a furnace between a temperature range of 240OF to 2850 F. A continual process is established as the molten glass is moved from the furnace to the tin bath where it is supported on molten tin until the glass cools from the slurry state to a temperature where the glass becomes solid. The float process was developed by Pilkington during 1950's and is now considered the primary state of the art process for manufacturing automotive and architectural glass.


11-What is the tin side and what is the air side of glass?

As mentioned earlier, the float glass process involves floating molten glass on molten tin. The molten tin is smooth enough to give glass its flat surfaces. The tin and glass are like oil and water, they don't mix. However, the side of glass that is in contact with tin during the float process does pick up a microscopic layer of tin. This is considered the tin side of float glass. The top side of glass is called the air or atmosphere side. To detect the tin side of glass, hold an UV light at an angle to the glass surface. The tin side will glow and the air side will not.


12-What are the raw components of glass?

An old alchemists equation for making glass still holds true today: fire + sand = glass. Obviously technological advancements have altered the equation a little bit, but today's glass manufacturing processes are based on a centuries old technique. Other raw materials add to the characteristics that we depend on in glass such as color, strength, and visual purity. The list of raw materials for glass includes Silica Sand, Soda Ash, Dolomite, Limestone, Salt Cake or Gypsum and Rouge. A certain amount of recycled glass, called cullet, is also used to make new glass.


13-What is Soft-Ray and what is Solar-Ray'?

Soft-Ray and Solar-Ray are GM Trademarks for the glass used in their vehicles. It identifies the TYPE of glass used for construction and can appear on either laminated or tempered glass. LOF uses E-Z-Eye glass for the production of Soft-Ray parts and EZKool solar control glass for Solar-Ray parts. PPG uses Solex and Solar Green respectively. Deep Tint Solar-Ray is another GM trademark that appears on dark colored solar control parts.


14-How can I determine if a part has Lead-Free paint on the glass?

There is not an easy method to identify whether a part was manufactured with leaded or unleaded paint. Many glass fabricators now use unleaded paints to comply with industry hazardous waste disposal regulations. The best recommendation for preparing a part for installation is to clean the painted areas thoroughly. Then prime the glass according to the adhesive manufacturers recommended procedures for installation.


15-What is the difference between the DQ8425 and DQ9195?

The difference is in the latch assembly for these parts. These are both swing-out rear quarter windows for the Chevy/GMC ST light pickup. The DQ8425 fits the standard two-door model. The DQ8425 latch assembly is a ommon straight latch. The DQ9195 fits the new three-door pickup which is also known as the Highlander model. The latch assembly on the DQ9195 is curved. The curved latch assembly will allow the swing-out to open wider.


16-The encapsulation around the striker/ handle area on the lift glass for

the 1997 Chevy Blazer 4 door has come loose from the glass. Can the

encapsulation be reattached to the glass?

As a rule, encapsulation should not be reattached to the glass if it has come loose. In many cases, the encapsulation helps form the sealing and the attachment method for the installation of the part. A break between the encapsulation and the glass could lead to water leaks, wind noise or system failure. In this case, the handle and the striker area are bonded to the glass with the encapsulation. The structural integrity of the striker attached to that glass would be weakened and would have unpredictable performance if the encapsulation bond were broken. For optimum performance of the encapsulated assembly, it should be replaced and not repaired.


17-What is a monogram?

A monogram is often referred to as the bug or trademark. Every automotive piece of glass is required by law to have an identifying mark on the glass that will be visible once that glass is in the correctly installed position in the vehicle. These marks are usually painted on the glass, but they can also be sand blasted or acid etched into the surface.


18-What is in a monogram?

For automotive applications, there are certain governmental items that must be in the monogram including a department of transportation (DOT) number, the model (M) number and the glass type (AS-1, AS-2, AS-3 etc.) Monograms can also include information such as the brand name of the glass, the company name that made the glass, the company logo, the country of origin and a date code identifying when the glass was manufactured.


19-Is there anyway to determine what a part is by the monogram on the

glass?

Unfortunately, the majority of monograms do not have any information in it to help determine what an unmarked part is. However, we are starting to see more parts marked with the NAGS number in the Monogram. As more of this is done, it will be easier to correctly identify unknown parts.



20-What is the difference between AS-1, AS-2 and AS-3 glasses codes?

For automotive applications, the three most common types of glass are AS-1, AS-2, and AS-3. All windshields must be marked with the AS-1 code which is on laminated glass having light transmission greater than 70%. All tempered glass that has light transmission above 70% is marked with an AS-2 code. All glass, laminated or tempered, that has less then 70% light transmission will have an AS-3 Code.


21-What is a DOT code?

The DOT number identifies the glass manufacturer. The acronym DOT stands for Department of Transportation. Each glazing manufacture must apply for a DOT number in order to sell glazings for vehicles in the United States of America. Each DOT number is assigned by the government and is unique for every manufacturer. Every piece of glass that is made must contain that DOT code if it is to be sold in the automotive market.


22-What is an M number?

The M number is a model number that is assigned by all glass manufacturing companies. Each company establishes their own M number system that is unique to that organization. The M number identifies the specific glass construction. It can identify the glass details used to manufacture a part such as glass color and thickness. One Model number might apply to 50 different part numbers. Each Model number is tested every year for compliance with the governmental regulations. Most of the time, a part number cannot be determined by the M number.


23-How do I measure block size?

Follow these steps and you should be able to obtain an accurate block size measurement.

• Lay the part flat on a table. Square the part up in front of yourself.

• Imagine a box drawn around the part. The dimensions of the box should touch the widest point on each side of the part.

• Measure the BOX height through the center of the glass with the tape measure on the glass to account for glass curvature.

• Measure the BOX length through the center of the glass with the tape measure on the glass to account for glass curvature.

REMEMBER: Glass block is the size of the glass when flat. To accurately measure height and length, you must account for glass curvature.


24-How can I determine whether the glass in a car is original or a

replacement?

If you don't know the history of the car, one-way to identify a piece of glass is to check the monogram on the glass. If you. Knew the manufacturer of the original glass, check the DOT (Department of Transportation) number on the glass in the car. If the DOT number doesn't belong to the OE glass supplier, then the part was a replacement. If the number does match, then check the date code on the glass. Most manufacturers mark the monogram with a means of identifying the month and year of glass production, sometimes even the date and shift! Since each company does it differently, you'll have to contact the appropriate manufacturer for their date code conventions, which can include combinations of letters, numbers or even dots over various letters. By comparing the date of the glass with the date of the car assembly, you can determine if they are the same vintage. If the glass date closely matches the vehicle assembly date, chances are the glass is original.


25-Where can I find a DB8311 or DB8312 GP?

The green privacy (GP) DB8311 and DB8312 made for the 1993 and 1994 Chevy / GMC Suburban are no longer available. During that time, the glass industry was developing solar batch privacy parts, which are now gray privacy (YP) parts. The batch privacy parts have displaced the coated privacy and offer superior performance characteristics. The only alternative to achieving a color match when replacing an original GP part with a YP part is to replace the neighboring part. Many times, GM will authorize the replacement of the neighboring part under warranty at no charge to the customer.


26-Why was the hardware flag on the DB8592 and DB8593 recently

changed from N to Y? Are these parts now sold with moldings?

These parts are sold with a grommet in the wiper hole in the glass. The hardware flag does not automatically mean moldings. The grommet is

small black rubber piece that seals out water when the wiper is attached through the glass. The parts have always been made with the grommet; however, it was not until recently that the grommet was considered hardware. The hardware flag has been changed from N to Y on the DB8592 and DB8593 as well as the DB81 16, DB8117, DB7942 and DB7943.


27-What are the glass part numbers for the GM extended pick-up trucks

with the third cab door option?

The third door option is really a side panel that has the ability to open. The design incorporates the existing quarter glass parts. When replacing the glass, order the same part number that would be required for the standard extended cab without the door option. Also note, the third door could be equipped with either the stationary or the swing-out quarter windows.


28-What is the difference between FB3984 and FB3924?

The difference between these two parts is the paint band artwork that is on each of them. The FB3924 fits the GEO Tracker 2 and 4 door utility vehicles. The FB3984 fits the Suzuki Sidekick 2 and 4 door utility vehicles. The FB3984 has an insignia saying "SUZUKI" across the top of the backlite. While the artwork is different, the glass size and shape is the same for both parts.


29-What is the difference between the DW1026, DW1 159 and DW1199?

The DW1 026 is a non-solar windshield. The DW1159 is the solar version of the DW1026. The DW1199 is also a solar windshield, but the mirror bracket has been moved down to make room for the overhead console that is in the cab of the truck. The DW1199 is a one way interchange with the DW1159. Solar parts are not interchanged with non-solar parts, but the DW1199 will fit the DW1026 opening and can be used as an upgrade.


30-What is the difference between the DW1217 and the DW1199?

GM Truck and Bus made engineering changes to the full size Chevy / GMC Truck and Suburbanize. They modified both the door and windshield seal making it a tighter fit to reduce the wind noise during the 95-model year. The DW1217 has a modified encapsulation design with a flexible bulb seal added to the edge of the side pillars on the windshield. The DW1199 should not be put into a DW1217 vehicle.


31-What causes the DW1293 to break at the top of the windshield?

The cause of breakage is attributed to an expansion / contraction issue in cold weather. The break occurs at the location of the antenna connector on the glass and usually in a crescent or half moon shape. The problem has been corrected and a new adhesive system is being used to bond the antenna connector to the glass. If you are replacing a DW1293 due to breakage at the connector, it could be eligible for GM warranty service.


32-What part number do I need to replace the manually operated quarter

swing-out on the 96-97+ model years of the Chrysler mini-van?

Actually the glass for the manual and the power quarter windows is the same. The difference is the latch assembly required to attach the part into the body opening. The glass assembly is supplied ready to install for the power window option. To convert the glass for the manual assembly, it is recommended that a new manual latch be purchased The manual latch part numbers are 4797154 (right hand) and 4797155 (left hand). The power latch ball retainer must be removed from the glass. The manual latch must then be threaded onto the stud until the latch starts to bottom out against the stud base. Once the glass is installed at the hinge area, the latch can be adjusted to align the mounting holes. Don't forget to tighten the latch down after it’s installed!


33-Why aren't DW1021 and DWI 130 interchangeable?

These parts are not interchanged because of safety reasons. While its true that they look a lot alike, they are very different. The DW1 021 is made with a thick PVB innerlayer. The car design, which includes the Buick Skyhawk, Cadillac Cimarron, Chevy Cavalier, Pontiac Sunfire and Oldsmobile Firenza needed the glass and plastic strength of the windshield to help pass the federal roof crush test requirements. On the 1992 and newer models, the vehicles were built with stronger A pillars. These vehicles were able to pass the tests usinga windshield construction of standard thickness innerlayer. The DW1 130 has a thinner PVB than the DW1 021 and should not be used on early model vehicles


34-What does the reference L WB mean in the foreign NAGS Car Glass Parts Catalog?

In the 1996 catalog, LWB indicates Long WheelBase. It is noted on the 95 plus model years for the XJ6 and XJ12 Jaguar Sedans. The rear doors and back glass parts are different on the long wheel base models. The LWB models offer more room in the back seat resulting in a wider back door. To identify the LWB vehicles, measure the width of the rear door glass. The LWB requires a wide glass part that measures 35.5 inches!



35-What is the hardware that has been added to the DB8486 and DB8487?

There are three set blocks added to the glass to eliminate a Buzz, Squeak and Rattle problem with the ' vehicle build. The setblocks are located along the bottom inside edge of the glass. To install, match the tabs on the set blocks to the corresponding tabs on the rear shelf panel.


36-What is the difference between the DW1283 and the DW1284 moldings?

There is a difference between the DW1283 and the DW1284 moldings that are attached to the glass. The molding for the DW1284 has design styled notches in it. The two moldings fit into the opening differently and are not interchangeable.


37-What is the hardware sold with the DB8930, DB8931, DB8932 and

DB8933?

These parts are sold with a grommet in the wiper hole in the glass. The grommet is a little black rubber piece that seals out water when the wiper is attached through the glass. Moldings for these units are sold separately. Moldings on the Chrysler minivan lift glass can be salvaged and reused. However, if you prefer to use new moldings they are available.


38-Which side of the vehicle is the right hand side?

The RIGHT hand side of the vehicle is the PASSENGER'S side of the vehicle. The DRIVER'S side of the vehicle would be the LEFT-hand side. Rule of thumb, right and left sides are determined by picturing yourself sifting in the car.


39-Are there any hints for color matching the gray privacy glass needed in

a vehicle?

One of the best recommendations for color matching privacy glass is to record both the DOT and M numbers from the original glass. The DOT number will identify the glass manufacturer and the M number will indicate the specific glass construction used for the part needed. Several glass manufacturing companies, including LOF and Carlite, have developed batch solar control privacy glass. Because of the manufacturing efficiencies of batch versus coated glass, the demand for coated glass is declining. Older varieties of coated glass are now extinct and cannot be found.



40-My customer needs a gray privacy quarter window for the 97 Ford

Explorer, but the color doesn’t match. What should I do?

Confirm the part number that is being ordered. If the part you need doesn't have a mirror like finish, chances are you need to order one of the newly assigned part numbers for Carlite's new batch privacy glass. Since March 1997, Carlite has been manufacturing batch privacy glass for the 97 Explorer and Expedition. The batch privacy means the appearance is determined by the glass composition when the glass is originally formed. Previously, the privacy Carlite glass was a pyrolyticly coated product that had mirror like characteristics. New part numbers were issued for the batch privacy glass. Carlite has announced that they will continue to offer both the batch and coated parts for these vehicles. The new part numbers for the Carlite BATCH privacy glass are: '97 Ford Explorer '97 Ford Expedition DD9291/2 YPY DD9133/4YPY DQ9295/6 YPY DV9135/6YPY DQ9289/90 YPY - (2 door) DQ9139/40YPY DV9293 / 4 YPY DQ9141/2YPN DB9297 YPN DQ9148 YPY DQ9301 YPN DB9156 YPY


41-What are KP color-coded parts?

The KP color code refers to Black Privacy. One way to manufacture a black privacy part is to apply the paint that is normally used only on the perimeter of a glass part across the entire surface of the part. The KP color option is now available for several of the rear quarter and back glass parts for the new GM Mini Vans including the Chevy Venture, Oldsmobile Silhouette, and Pontiac Transport.


42-Why is a KP black privacy glass used on the vans?

The main application of black glass is on cargo industrial vans where privacy is desired in the rear of the vehicle. These dark glass units were chosen by the vehicle designers at GM as the economic alternative to metal panels for the cargo van options. The black privacy glass option is available at time of vehicle order.


43-When should a non-conductive adhesive be used?

If the adhesive will contact the antenna or defroster lines when the part is installed, use a non-conductive adhesive. Non-conductive adhesives prevent interference with antenna systems and heated defroster systems that are contained.


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